The thermodynamic study of technological processes has two objectives: Determination of the overall thermal effect of chemical transformations that take place in the industrial process and Determination of the equilibrium composition for a broad range of temperatures and pressures in order to deduce optimum working conditions and performances The manner in which the two objectives are approached within the conditions of chemical technology is different from the classical approach and requires the use of the specific methodology outlined here. Thermal processes are chemical transformations of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum fractions under the influence of high temperatures. Most of the transformations are cracking by a radicalic mechanism.
Our training includes…
- Refinery process & Petroleum fundamentals
- Crude oil characteristics
- crude oil distillation technologies
- Alkylation, catalysts in refinery process, catalytic reforming
- cokefaction, vacuum distillation
- catalytic cracking
- Gas purification, Desulphurization, Sulfur recovery
- hydrocracking, hydrotreatment
- Isomeration
- Visbreaking
- operation of a chemical production unit
Classroom Training
Pertecnica offers class room training on Refining process for chemical engineers. This is a 3 months training program which includes classes by faculty, video lectures, projects and case studies. At the end of the program, the student will get course completion certificate and a 3 months internship certificate.
- Course fee: 36,000/-
- Eligibility: BE / B Tech Chemical
- Duration: 3 months
Thermal cracking of petroleum residue oil was conducted in a high-pressure batch reactor under various operating conditions, temperature in range 400–480 °C, reaction time 40–100 min and pressure 120–180 kPa in the presence of hydrogen. Statistical design of experiment (DOE) was used to evaluate the effect of important variables in the thermal cracking of residue oil, and to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Based on the three level factorial design, quadratic model was developed to correlate the thermal cracking variables to total conversion and linear models for yields of total distillate fuels, gasoline, kerosene and diesel. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on each experimental design response was identified.
The selection among the several process schemes considered comprises a succession of increasingly precise comparative evaluations followed by the rejection of the less competitive solutions (trial-and-error), or of those that appear to be difficult to implement within the given practical conditions. Eventually, only a small number of solutions remain. The selection among them on the exclusive basis of economic advantage is difficult. In this situation it becomes necessary to consider the market and technical trends and the flexibility or ability of each of the process schemes to adapt to foreseen changes in the demand (capacity) and tightening of purity specifications for the products. The capacity to adapt to future requirements concerning the evolution of the types and quality of products, comprises two aspects: 1. Capacity of the units to be built to adapt by modification of the process operating conditions 2. Incorporation in the general scheme of additional process units Many times, the consideration of such additional factors may determine the selection between two general schemes, which are otherwise close, from the point of view of the instant economics. Consideration of foreseeable trends may determine the final selection of a process scheme, the economics of which are close to but at the present time are not the optimal. Issues related to the financing of the project may also come into play. Thus we see, the realization of the project in stages of compatible process units selected from among those that are part of the overall process scheme. Such a stage-wise realization is often worth considering, since it also allows reevaluation of the trend factors in the course of the project execution.